colleges that students attend, the three key factors that give children from high-income families an admissions advantage are …. Could such colleges -- which currently have many more students from high-income families than low-income families … due to higher admissions rates for students with comparable test scores from high-income families; the remaining third is …

stigmatize suspended students and expose them to the criminal justice system at a young age. On the other hand, strict discipline … acts as a deterrent and limits harmful spillovers of misbehavior onto other students. This paper estimates the net impact … switches, we show that schools with higher suspension rates have substantial negative long-run impacts. Students assigned to a …