local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … all student groups. We conduct policy experiments to examine the effect of transferring migrant students from private …

childhood are more likely to send their children to work. We also look at the effect of social norms on the parents' child labor … poverty is viewed as the main reason for child labor, we choose to focus on the phenomenon that parents who worked during own … explanation for the phenomenon of poor societies with similar income levels that differ significantly in literacy rates and …