. The underlying causal mechanisms for such effects remain unsettled. We consider a model in which parents impose more … stringent disciplinary environments in response to their earlier-born children's poor performance in school in order to deter … such outcomes for their later-born offspring. We provide robust empirical evidence that school performance of children in …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

Do parents invest more or less in their high ability children? We provide new evidence on this question by comparing … determinant of cognitive ability. We find that parents invest more in high ability children, with a one standard deviation …

expansive income tax policy that is adopted to increase public education expenditure per pupil. It is shown that such a policy … may exacerbate income inequality in the long run if for the less skilled dynasties, the benefits of more public spending …-induced tax base erosion is not severe, an expansive income tax policy indeed enhances future human capital for all dynasties, and …

The paper estimates how parents adjust bride-prices and land divisions to compensate their sons for differences in …

effects; earlier born children stay behind in their human capital development from early childhood to adolescence. Turning to … potential mechanisms we find that earlier born children receive less quality time from their mothers than later born children …. In addition, they are breastfed shorter. The estimated birth order effects are largest for children in their teens …

household characteristics (especially household income). The ``true'' intergenerational correlation between schooling … attainments and parents' education (after conditioning on observed and unobserved ability) is found to be quite low. Finally, our …