. The underlying causal mechanisms for such effects remain unsettled. We consider a model in which parents impose more … stringent disciplinary environments in response to their earlier-born children's poor performance in school in order to deter … such outcomes for their later-born offspring. We provide robust empirical evidence that school performance of children in …

government and reached 30% of student loan applicants. We show that the low-income and low-achieving students who apply to low … correctly centered. Treatment causes low-income students to reduce their demand for low-return degrees by 4.6%, and increases …-earning college degree programs overestimate earnings for past graduates by over 100%, while beliefs for high-achieving students are …

We use large-scale surveys of Chilean college applicants and college students to explore the way students form beliefs … to observed values for past students and follow survey participants forward to see how beliefs relate to matriculation … and dropout outcomes. We find that students have correctly centered but noisy cost expectations, and appear to …

The choice of a college major plays a critical role in determining the future earnings of college graduates. Students … survey students about what their expected earnings would be both in the major they have chosen and in counterfactual majors …. We also elicit students' subjective assessments of their abilities in chosen and counterfactual majors. We estimate a …

Using data on student outcomes and school choice lotteries from a low-income urban school district, we examine how …. The effects are largest for male students entering high school, whose truancy rates decline by 21% in the months after …