reductions in class size from a base of 15 to 30 students have no effect on student achievement. The estimates are precise enough … the presence of black students in a class, in an of itself, has no effect on achievement. I demonstrate that estimates of …

mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively … that receiving a score of 3 over a 2 on junior year AP exams causes students to take between 0.06 and 0.14 more AP exams …

-based aid is simply redistribution or a method of internalizing externalities among students. Many students would like colleges … would not qualify based on need. Yet, the same students might prefer a regime of need-based aid, knowing that it would apply …

students respond to their menus' like rational human capital investors. Whether they make the investments efficiently is … aptitude students respond to aid in a way that apparently reduces their lifetime present value. While both a lack of … sophistication/information and credit constraints can explain the behavior of this 30 percent of students, the weight of the evidence …