ability distribution drive the impact of peer quality on students‟ achievements. To do so, we use census data for four cohorts … of pupils taking their age-14 national tests, and measure students‟ ability by their prior achievements at age-11. We …

mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively … that receiving a score of 3 over a 2 on junior year AP exams causes students to take between 0.06 and 0.14 more AP exams …

targeted disadvantaged students in Israel. I show that the program led to significant gains in post-secondary education … universities. Free school choice increased also earnings at adulthood of treated students. Male students had much larger … improvements in college schooling and labor market outcomes. Female students, however, experienced higher increases in marriage and …