mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively … that receiving a score of 3 over a 2 on junior year AP exams causes students to take between 0.06 and 0.14 more AP exams …

suggests that increasing grant aid for low-income college students would enhance welfare in many U.S. settings …We estimate effects of the largest U.S. federal grant for college students using administrative data from Texas four … receipt and earnings beginning four years after entry. Estimated increases in income tax payments fully recoup government …

federal student loans to students who have received information about financial aid but have not made a borrowing decision. A … treatment reminding students that they need not borrow the maximum amount of available loan aid does not affect borrowing …. Treatments referencing amounts borrowed by recent graduates shift students from borrowing the maximum amount to not borrowing …

aid could reduce student loan defaults without restricting prospective students' access to higher education. We examine …, market enrollment declines by just 3 percent. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that students induced to enroll in …

loan default, income driven repayment (IDR) plans make higher-paying but riskier jobs more attractive to those with … protects borrowers from default by linking payments to income, offering only the IDR plan generates notable benefits. Removing … their expected net income. Moreover, these effects are strongest when borrowers holding different plans coexist in the …