mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively … that receiving a score of 3 over a 2 on junior year AP exams causes students to take between 0.06 and 0.14 more AP exams …

We study the effect of exposure to immigrants on the educational outcomes of US-born students, using a unique dataset … selection of US-born students, especially among White and comparatively affluent students, in response to the presence of … immigrant students in the school. We propose a new identification strategy to partial out the unobserved non-random selection …

better than third generation immigrants. Among first generation immigrants, the earlier the arrival, the better the students … tend to perform. These patterns of findings hold for both Asian and Hispanic students, and suggest a general pattern of …

-Term Orientation on the educational attainment of immigrant students living in the US. Controlling for the quality of schools and … individual characteristics, students from countries with long term oriented attitudes perform better than students from cultures … that do not emphasize the importance of delayed gratification. These students perform better in third grade reading and …

. We find precise zero estimated effects of refugees on the educational outcomes of incumbent students in the year of the … incumbent students …