children born to less educated and minority mothers are more likely to be exposed to pollution in utero and that white, college …

,000 per charter school enrollee. We further show that competition drives the aggregate gains; test score impacts on students …

Teacher value-added (VA) measures how teachers improve their students' contemporaneous test scores. Many teachers …, however, argue that contemporaneous test scores are a poor proxy for their permanent influence on students. This paper … test scores with subsequent test scores in VA estimation. We find that students assigned to high long-run VA teachers fare …

rapidly among black students than among whites, at least in part because black Head Start" children are more likely to …Recent research on Head Start, an enriched preschool program for poor children that effects on test scores fade out …' more quickly for black children than for white children. This" paper uses data from the 1988 wave of the National …

difference-in-differences strategy to account for unobserved differences between students with access to SBP and those without … findings. First, the SBP helps students build good eating habits: SBP increases scores on the healthy eating index, reduces the … serum micronutrient deficiencies in vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate, and it increases the probability that children meet …