family income, parents' education, race/ethnicity and gender, being better-looking raised subsequent changes in measurements …We use data from the 11 waves of the U.S. Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development 1991-2005, following children … instrumenting children's looks by their mother's, and do not work through teachers' differential treatment of better …

Lead poisoning has well-known impacts for the developing brain of young children, with a large literature documenting … outcomes of Flint public school children. We leverage parallel causal identification strategies, a between-district synthetic …-age children. These findings suggest that cost estimates which rely only on the negative impact of direct lead exposure …

emergence of differentials in abilities between children of advantaged families and children of disadvantaged families, (c) the …

determination of quantity and quality of children by parents, we instrument family size with the gender of the first child which is … plausibly random. Given a strong son-preference in India, parents tend to have more children if the first born is a girl. Our IV …Using data from nationally representative household surveys, we test whether Indian parents make trade-offs between the …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and … their younger siblings. The policy improves test scores of both children while the spillover is up to 30% of the target … child effect size. The effects are particularly pronounced in families where one of the children is disabled, for boys, and …

In 2007, approximately one in five children in Zambia lived with an HIV positive adult. We identify the effect of adult … antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability at scale on children's educational outcomes by combining data on the expansion of ART … the availability of ART increased the likelihood that children in households with HIV positive household heads started …

Using birth certificates matched to schooling records for Florida children born 1992-2002, we assess whether family … gap in neonatal health. We conclude that the gender gap among black children is larger than among white children in … substantial part because black children are raised in more disadvantaged families …

. There is growing empirical evidence that low-income parents place lower weights on academics when choosing schools, but …The incentives and outcomes generated by public school choice depend to a large degree on parents' choice behavior … admission to students in randomly selected schools along with their CMS school choice forms. We find that receiving simplified …