best viewed as the end result of a learning process. We find that students enter college as open to a major in math or … science as to any other major group, but that a large number of students move away from math and science after realizing that … because students realize that their ability in math/science is lower than expected rather than because students realize that …

aggregate costs of providing mandated programs for disabled children. Little attention has been paid to the effectiveness of … average special education program boosts mathematics and reading achievement of special education students, particularly those … classified as learning disabled, while not detracting from regular education students. These results are estimated quite …

determined bequests from parents that can be used to finance schooling, uncertainty in college completion related to differences … structure, we analyze tuition subsidies such as exist in most public colleges, alternative forms of need-based aid, income … more intergenerational mobility and greater income equality. But, the various policies have quite different implications …

Taking advantage of unique longitudinal data, we provide the first characterization of what college students believe at … of why students hold the initial beliefs about majors that they do. The data collection and analysis are based directly … that students enter school quite optimistic/interested about obtaining a science degree, but that relatively few students …

college exposure to female instructors and students, consistent with a wider role for women's colleges in increasing female …

-semester students, although instructors continued to record letter grades. We identify the causal effect of the policy on course choice … and performance, using a regression-discontinuity-in-time design. Students shifted to lower-grading STEM courses in the … first semester, but did not increase their engagement with STEM in later semesters. Letter grades of first-semester students …