discontinuity design. Ten years later, primary school-age children in villages selected for the program attend school more often and … children exposed earlier in the program. Secondary-school-age youths and young adults (those old enough to have finished …

by 0.29 standard deviations. Students in treatment schools progress further through the grades, compared to students in … non-selected schools. These upgraded schools are effective at getting children into school, getting children to start … school on time, and keeping children in school longer. Overall, we find that the schools sustain the large impacts observed …

enrollment of all children between the ages of 5 and 12 by 20 percentage points and increased their test scores by 0.45 standard … deviations. The change in test scores for those children caused to attend school by the program is 2.2 standard deviations. We …

We conduct a randomized evaluation of the effect of village-based schools on children's academic performance using a … sample of 31 villages and 1,490 children in rural northwestern Afghanistan. The program significantly increases enrollment … and test scores among all children, eliminates the 21 percentage point gender disparity in enrollment, and dramatically …