/SES gradient can be explained by differential performance at second level which also explains the gap between the sexes. Students … from white collar backgrounds do significantly better in their final second level exams than the children of blue …

for low and high ability students and that important insights are lost by focusing on the conditional mean. The … factors may affect where students go and what they study. …

to low socioeconomic status (SES) students using a natural experiment which exploits the time variation in the expansion … treatment is based on SES rather than ethnicity. Evaluating the effectiveness of programs targeting disadvantaged students in … and final year graduation rates, with the impact often stronger for higher ability students. We find similar patterns of …

This paper estimates the marginal effect of class size on educational attainment of high school students. We control …

Objective: To estimate the causal effect of breastfeeding on children's cognitive skills as measured at ages 3, 5, 7 …). Participants: Data on 11,792 (age 3) and 9117 (age 5) children in MCS and 4923 (age 7 and 11) children in NCDS. Main outcome …: The duration of breastfeeding has a small, but significant, effect on children's cognitive skills in the linear regression …