, even though displacement episodes early in children’s lives have the largest impacts on household income (because they … persist for many years), displacement episodes occurring in the children’s teenage years have the largest effects on human … capital accumulation. We show that most of the effects operate through the intensive margin of schooling, and that children …

, even though displacement episodes early in children's lives have the largest impacts on household income (because they … persist for many years), displacement episodes occurring in the children's teenage years have the largest effects on human … capital accumulation. We show that most of the effects operate through the intensive margin of schooling, and that children …

between children of rich and poor parents remain as high in Nordic countries as elsewhere in Europe. One explanation for this … investments in children contribute to a levelled playing field and promote social mobility. However, gaps in learning outcomes … paradox is that the equalizing impacts of public investments are undone by parental investments in children of rich and poor …

This Element reviews what we know about parental investments and children's human capital in low-to-middle-income … countries (LMICs). First, it presents definitions and a simple analytical framework; then discusses determinants of children …; and concludes with a summary suggesting some positive impacts of parental investments on children's human capital in LMICs …

, particularly in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). Whilst the long-term effects of being exposed to rainfall shocks early in …