portfolio and compare students with similar portfolios and levels of interest in HBCUs and non-HBCUs who ultimately make … students initially enrolling in HBCUs are 14.6 percentage points more likely to earn a BA degree and have 5 percent higher … household income around age 30 than those who do not enroll in an HBCU. Initially enrolling in an HBCU also leads to $12 …

We study how colleges shape their students' voting habits by linking millions of SAT takers to their college …-enrollment and voting histories. To begin, we show that the fraction of students from a particular college who vote varies … markedly different voting rates. Next, after controlling for students' college application portfolios and pre-college voting …