transfers to their own parents in order to instill appropriate preferences in their children. This generates a derived demand … downpayments. We argue that parents provide help with downpayments in order to encourage the production of grandchildren, and that … such a subsidization emanates from the "demonstration effect:" a child's propensity to furnish parents with attention and …

incentive than sons who are fathers to demonstrate to their children the appropriate way of caring for one's parents. The reason … costly to care for parents if they live nearby, daughters with children do not move as far away from the parental home as … sons with children or childless offspring. Data on the distance between the children's location and the parents' location …