much different contexts than the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in which the vast majority of children globally … parents’ schooling and their children’s schooling in the most populous LMIC, using adult identical (monozygotic, MZ) twins … measurement error. These results suggest that the positive associations between children’s and parents’ schooling in standard …

, prior to the birth of their children, more risk-averse parents have a stronger preference for sons than for daughters …. Second, after the birth of their children, parents with sons are more risk seeking, compared to parents with daughters. We … samples, we find that parents with greater risk aversion before the birth of their children are more likely to have sons …

if the child gender directly affect the outcome variable other than changing the number of children, the exclusion … China's One Child Policy. Applying to the children's effects on parental migration decision, we find that the addition of … one girl in the family will result in a 13.7% increase in the probability that both parents in rural households migrate to …