This paper examines whether the Big Three credit rating agencies actually played as active a role in the Euro Crisis as …

This paper studies the impact of credit rating agency (CRA) announcements on the value of the Euro and the yields of …-2012. The employed GARCH models show that CRA downgrade announcements negatively affected the value of the Euro currency and …

We identify crucial events during the European sovereign debt crisis and investigate their impact on the euro currency … (ECB) actions, and credit rating downgrades affect the value and the crash risk of the euro. We proxy the value changes of … the euro by its abnormal foreign exchange (FX) rate returns with respect to 35 currencies. The crash risk of the euro is …

a special emphasis on the first year of the euro. A contribution is made as to how to measure these roles, both for … identification of changes in the role of the euro during 1999 compared to the aggregate of euro predecessor currencies, net of intra … -euro area assets/liabilities, before stage 3 of EMU. A number of key factors determining the currency distribution of …