Monetary growth in the euro area has exceeded its target since several years. At the same time, the money demand …

bonds issued in euro, U.S. dollars and Swedish crowns as comparison groups. We find that both programs significantly improve … euro area as a location of issuance. The effects of the CSPP and PEPP are heterogeneous, both in terms of average impact …

applies a parametric difference-in-differences approach to assess the real effects of the introduction of the euro on … the initial problems were overcome within one year of the introduction of euro cash. …