Foreign exchange reserve accumulation has risen dramatically in recent years. The introduction of the euro, greater … currencies. Making various assumptions on expected currency returns and the variance-covariance structure, we assess how the euro …-free) currency. (ii) The optimum portfolios show a much lower weight for the euro than is observed. This suggests that the euro may …

six Euro-area countries over the period 2004-2011. As a first step, the supposed non stationarity of the two series is …

among debtors and intermediaries, which spreads through the financial system, disrupting the marketacirc;euro;TMs capacity …

The European Union will enter Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999. The development of euro … financial markets and thickness externalities in the use of the euro as a means of payment will be the major factors determining … the importance of the euro as an international currency. As euro securities markets become deeper and more liquid and …