I provide a structured comparison of the nineteenth-century classical gold standard and the Euro, basing my analysis …, there is nothing contingent about Euro-area membership. Finally, the gold standard operated in a simpler political setting …

The euro became an international currency when it was created two decades ago. However, the euro's internationalisation … peaked as early as 2005 and it was never comparable to the US dollar. Its international status declined with the euro crisis …, Europe is reflecting on how to promote actively the internationalisation of the euro, to help ensure its autonomy. But …

the euro. Despite some dissent, there were a number of arguments in favor of this policy change: it would facilitate … competitiveness at the international level. A decade is an ideal time frame over which to evaluate the success of the euro and whether … it has lived up to expectations. To that aim, Europe and the Euro looks at a number of important issues, including the …

In this paper we examine why monetary aggregates of euro area Member States have developed differently since the … inception of the euro. We derive a money demand equation that incorporates housing wealth and collateral as well as substitution …