spreads during the crisis, not only for euro area countries but globally. By contrast, regional spill overs and contagion have … been less important, including for euro area countries. The paper also finds evidence for herding contagion – sharp …

-time data. We find that such economic news in the United States, Germany and the euro area have indeed been a driving force … behind daily US dollar - euro/DEM exchange rate developments in the period 1993-2003. The larger importance of US … macroeconomic news is at least partly explained by their earlier release time compared to corresponding German and euro area news …

force in world capital markets, although the importance of EU monetary policy decisions has been increasing and a Euro bloc …