The main purpose of this comprehensive study is to determine the optimal hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness of different futures contracts traded on the Borsa Istanbul (BIST), namely the BIST 30 equity index, US dollar–Turkish lira currency futures (USD-TRY), euro–Turkish lira (EUR-TRY)...

This paper minimizes the risk of Brent oil in a multivariate portfolio, with three risk-minimizing goals: variance, parametric value-at-risk (VaR), and semiparametric value-at-risk. Brent oil is combined with five emerging ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) stock indexes and five...

Relying on the hidden Markov model improved by the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO-HMM), we develop a dual-decision method to address the issue of state-dependent futures hedging. Our approach is attractive in two ways. First, it uses the PSO algorithm to overcome the shortcomings of...