studies finding little regional convergence since 1985, social cohesion has been virtually ignored. This article tries to … cover this gap by asking the question of whether regional convergence in social welfare, measured by Amartya Sen’s welfare … find that the absence of convergence in GDP per capita is not matched in terms of social welfare. Welfare levels have …

The authors show that spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity matter in the estimation of the β-convergence … spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity in the form of structural instability across spatial convergence clubs. The … estimation of the appropriate spatial regimes spatial error model shows that the convergence process is different across regimes …