; compounded over 5 years of primary schooling, this difference is similar in size to the test score gap between low- and high-income … countries. Second, students learn more in private schools (0.15 sd per year on average), but substantial within-sector variation … in quality means that the effects of reallocating students from public to private schools can range from -0.35sd to +0 …

markets with several public and private schools are now pervasive in low- and middle-income countries, prudent policy requires …

short-, medium-, and long-term effects of providing low-income families with low birthweight infants support through the … Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This program uses a birthweight cutoff at 1200 grams to determine eligibility. We find … family income in the first three years of the infant's life. These cash benefits persist at lower amounts through age 10 …

-monotonically with parental income, and that children of parents in the top ventile of the income distribution have higher rates of low … monotonically with income, and infants of parents in the top ventile of the income distribution---who have the worst birth outcomes … records with parental income from Internal Revenue Service tax records and the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics file …