ratings distribution, decreases adult criminal involvement. Accountability pressures also reduce the propensity of students …

; compounded over 5 years of primary schooling, this difference is similar in size to the test score gap between low- and high-income … countries. Second, students learn more in private schools (0.15 sd per year on average), but substantial within-sector variation … in quality means that the effects of reallocating students from public to private schools can range from -0.35sd to +0 …

markets with several public and private schools are now pervasive in low- and middle-income countries, prudent policy requires …

colleges that students attend, the three key factors that give children from high-income families an admissions advantage are …. Could such colleges -- which currently have many more students from high-income families than low-income families … due to higher admissions rates for students with comparable test scores from high-income families; the remaining third is …

-need schools on students' longer-run educational, criminal justice, and economic self-sufficiency outcomes. Using linked …