markets with several public and private schools are now pervasive in low- and middle-income countries, prudent policy requires …

; compounded over 5 years of primary schooling, this difference is similar in size to the test score gap between low- and high-income … countries. Second, students learn more in private schools (0.15 sd per year on average), but substantial within-sector variation … in quality means that the effects of reallocating students from public to private schools can range from -0.35sd to +0 …

Programs that engage young children in movement and song to help them learn are popular but experimental evidence on … and kindergarten students in 47 schools in three U.S. states. We find that treated students scored higher on a test of …