of children ages 5 to 12. We examine whether wealth prior to birth and at ages 4 or 5 affects academic test scores and … children. We also examine associations between different forms of wealth (e.g., home equity) and child achievement and …

We study a unique grading policy at a large US public university allowing students to mask their letter grades into a … "Pass", after having observed their original grade. Using administrative transcript records, we find that female students … are substantially less likely to mask their grades than male students, even after accounting for differences in grades …

We analyze data from two universities that allowed students to conceal grades from their transcripts during the Covid … with real employers and a survey of impacted students. Our findings highlight how information-optional policies can create …

pandemic payments varied by marital status and the number of children in the household and were substantial with some families … receiving several thousand dollars. We exploit this plausibly exogenous variation in income to obtain estimates of the effect … income on infant health. We measure the total amount of pandemic payments received during pregnancy, or the year before birth …