wage rates, employment, and hours; labor market shocks; spouse characteristics and shocks; nonlabor income shocks; and … marital histories to the age profiles of the variance of family income per adult equivalent. The decompositions are based upon …, fertility, and nonlabor income. We find that education and employment heterogeneity are key sources of the rise in the variance …

less across fields. Earnings effects are higher for women, lower for part time students, and depend on undergraduate major …. Students from lower-paying undergraduate majors benefit more from an MBA or JD. School specific returns are higher for higher …

Since the spring of 2021, nearly 700 colleges and universities in the U.S. have mandated that their students become …

The success of many students with disabilities (SWDs) depends on access to high-quality general education teachers. Yet … students with and without disabilities. We create two VAM measures: one focusing on teachers' effectiveness in improving … identifying which teachers have a history of effectiveness with SWDs and could play a role in ensuring that students are being …

combination of state summative and higher frequency benchmark assessments for middle school students in Michigan. Comparing pre … disadvantaged students, as well as students in districts that were at least partially remote in 2021-22. Benchmark assessment …

economically disadvantaged students saw larger decreases in classifications. While rates returned to trend in 2021-22, there was … little "catch up" beyond that to make up for these delays, suggesting that as of that year many students had not yet gained …