This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identfication of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

the return to schooling. Some marginal policy changes inducing students into college produce very low returns. -- Returns …

investments in children with multiple periods of childhood, income shocks, imperfect insurance, dynamic complementarity and … whole history of parental income, using data from Norway. We find that, conditional on permanent income, education is … maximized when income is balanced between the early childhood and middle childhood years. In addition, there is an advantage to …

, maternal leave increased on average by 4 months and family income was unaffected. We find that this increase in maternal time … those whose mothers have less than 10 years of education. This effect is especially large for children of mothers who, in …