adoptive parents. We argue that the impact from biological parents captures broad pre-birth factors, including genes and … prenatal environment, and the impact from adoptive parents represents broad post-birth factors, such as childhood environment …, for the intergenerational association in education and income. We find that both pre- and post-birth factors contribute to …

daughters' socioeconomic outcomes and those of their biological and rearing parents. Our analysis focuses on children raised in … six different family circumstances: raised by both biological parents, raised by the biological mother without a … the biological father with a stepmother, and raised by two adoptive parents. Relative to the existing literature, the most …

We study the intergenerational effects of maternal education on children's cognitive achievement, behavioral problems … 1979 (NLSY79) and their children, we can control for mother's ability and family background factors. Our results show … substantial intergenerational returns to education. For children aged 7-8, for example, our IV results indicate that an additional …

This paper evaluates the long-term consequences of parental death on children's cognitive and noncognitive skills, as …

schooling and skills differ between men and women and how those differences relate to gender gaps in earnings across nine middle-income …