secondary education to selective academic programs that open doors to skilled, well-paid professions. This gives parents a … strong incentive to invest substantial resources in improving their children's' achievement on these tests, thus reinforcing … students in Hebrew-language schools from eighth grade to age 29, we provide evidence that despite Israeli schools being …

Adult Arrival parents and their Child Arrival children. We find, relative to the Family Class, the Adult Arrivals in the … administrative data on landing records matched with subsequent income tax records that also allows for the linking of the records of … parent's subsequent income in Canada. …

greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students …. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time. …