/degrees from for-profit, not-for-profit, and public institutions. Students who enter certificate programs at any type of …

one or more cohorts of students take three or more tests in the subject of interest (e.g., state assessments in three …

Students receive abundant information about their educational performance, but how this information affects future …-mandated standardized tests. On these tests, students receive a score and a label that summarizes their performance. Using a regression …-discontinuity design, we find persistent effects of earning a more positive label on the college-going decisions of urban, low-income …

students were randomly assigned to receive supplementary tutoring during the 2021-22 school year (N=818). The study occurred in … a large Southeastern district serving predominantly Black and Hispanic students. Students assigned to the program were …