comparative advantages in math of parents are significantly linked to those of their children. A causal interpretation follows … quality. Finally, we show the strong influence of family skill transmission on children's choices of STEM fields …

observations, and student surveys. Although all three types of measures could be biased by unmeasured traits of the students in … predicts performance following random assignment of that teacher to a class of students. Combining our results with those from …

Talented students compete fiercely for seats at Boston and New York exam schools. These schools are characterized by … students do very well in school, the question of whether an exam school education adds value relative to a regular public … most students' achievement. We use two-stage least squares to convert reduced form estimates of the effects of exam school …

standard deviation on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Between 2019 and 2022, U.S. students had … between NAEP scores and students' later life outcomes by year and state of birth. We find that a standard deviation … improvement in a birth cohort's 8th grade math achievement was associated with an 8 percent rise in income, as well as improved …

of children from poorer families …