with comprehensive schools during the 1960s and 70s. Before the reform, students would take an exam at age eleven, which …-added methodology: they compare outcomes for students passing through either type of school controlling for achievement levels at the … children only enter secondary school at age 11, these effects are likely due to selection bias. Careful choice of treatment and …

There is a well-established positive correlation between life-satisfaction measures and income in individual level … from money to happiness. I use industry wage differentials as instruments for income. This is based on the idea that at … estimates suggesting that most of the association of income and well-being is causal …