"There are many possible pathways between parental education, income, and health, and between child health and … socioeconomic status (as measured by education, income, occupation, or in some cases area of residence) and child health, and … between child health and adult education or income. Specifically, I ask two questions: What is the evidence regarding whether …

, children's peers are complementary to financial investment by parents, while the adult role models are substitutes. In contrast … of a convex relation in rural and urban Indonesia. The rural-urban relative mobility curves cross, with the children of … children when the father has more than nine years of schooling. However, the rural children face lower absolute mobility across …