tuition fees, with contextual admission for disadvantaged students. An alternative admission channel admits lower …-ability students subject to substantial selection-fees, retained by the under-funded schools. We combine a cumulative multiple … insignificantly different from zero, for students who barely made it into the more selective school. However, the effect of attending …

standard deviation on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Between 2019 and 2022, U.S. students had … between NAEP scores and students' later life outcomes by year and state of birth. We find that a standard deviation … improvement in a birth cohort's 8th grade math achievement was associated with an 8 percent rise in income, as well as improved …