"We evaluate the effects of academic achievement awards for first and second-year college students on a Canadian … 70 for second-year students, but there was no significant effect on overall GPA. Results are somewhat stronger for a …

Parents gauge school quality in part by the level of student achievement and a school's racial mix. The importance of … cutoffs for the most selective of these schools move from above-average schools to schools with students drawn from the … extreme upper tail. Exam school students can also expect to study with fewer nonwhite classmates than unsuccessful applicants …

Longitudinal Survey of Youths which we follow from 16 to 28. We discuss the evolution of family income and ability effects where … component correlated with family income and background variables. We find that the individual cognitive-technical ability … differential prevailing at 16 was increasing with income in the early 80's but much less so in the early 2000's. We find no …