income for example), many of the pathways through which these outcomes are transmitted are not as well understood. We address … and unique dataset of university students. While large socio-economic differences in academic performance exist at the … differences across socio-economic backgrounds in university grade attainment for female students is explained by intermediating …

particularly concerned with the extent to which their finding that income effects on child health are the result of spurious … estimates of the effect of parental education will be biased upwards. Moreover, it is very common for parental income data to be … grouped, in which case income is measured with error and the coefficient on income will be biased towards zero and there are …

This paper investigates the robustness of recent findings on the effect of parental education and income on child … health. We are particularly concerned about spurious correlation arising from the potential endogeneity of parental income … and education. Using an instrumental variables approach, our results suggest that the parental income and education …

between the causal effects of parental income and parental education levels. Least squares estimation reveals conventional … results – weak effects of income (when the child is 16), stronger effects of maternal education than paternal, and stronger … effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included …

We investigate the relationship between early school-leaving and parental education and paternal income using UK Labour … Force Survey data. OLS estimation reveals modest effects of income, stronger effects of maternal education relative to … income, we find no effect of maternal education. Under certain assumptions, paternal education remains significant (for …