paper uses panel data for two different cohorts that follow students from high school through college and into their post … minority students are substantial, contrary to the anecdotes in play in the media and in the courts …

children enter school. Families are major producers of those skills. Inequality in performance in school is strongly linked to … inequality in family environments. Schools do little to reduce or enlarge the gaps in skills that are present when children enter … growing fraction of American children across all race and ethnic groups is being raised in dysfunctional families. Investment …