versus snapshot parental income measures. The most predictive ages of children when family resources are measured vary by the … participation in crime. Parental financial resources partially offset deficiencies in nonpecuniary inputs to children's human …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identfication of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

importance of credit constraints in forming skills is examined. There is little support for the claim that untargeted income … will better capture the active role of the emerging autonomous child in learning and responding to the actions of parents …