Employment rates and earnings among single mothers improved significantly after 1980, and by 2000, low-income rates …

During the 1980s and 1990s, immigration was associated with the rise in low-income rates and family-income inequality … focuses on the direct effect of immigration on the change in low income and family-income inequality over the 1995-to-2010 … period. The paper outlines recent trends in low-income rates and income inequality for both the Canadian-born and immigrants …

demand over income and employment. The results highlight the main differences among the productive structures of the regions …

This study uses census data to focus on low-income among immigrants, and asks a number of questions: (1) have low-income ….), (3) do low-income rates fall as new immigrants acquire Canadian experience, and are there signs that low-income rates …) in the major Canadian cities, to what extent was the deterioration in the city level low-income rates during the 1990s …

, totaling 90 questionnaires. The sustainability index, employment and farm income per cultivated hectare were calculated to … measure the impact of the program on the sustainable development, generation of income and employment on family farms of …-beneficiaries have a low sustainability level. Pronaf had a positive impact, but not significant on farm income generation, and positive …