standard deviation on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Between 2019 and 2022, U.S. students had … between NAEP scores and students’ later life outcomes by year and state of birth. We find that a standard deviation … improvement in a birth cohort’s 8th grade math achievement was associated with an 8 percent rise in income, as well as improved …

We study whether early tracking of students based on ability increases migrant-native achievement gaps. To eliminate …

We study whether early tracking of students based on ability increases migrant-native achievement gaps. To eliminate …

increasing the informational content of grades, central exams may improve the sorting of students by productivity. To test this …, we exploit the unique German setting where students from states with and without central exams work on the same labor …

increasing the informational content of grades, central exams may improve the sorting of students by productivity. To test this …, we exploit the unique German setting where students from states with and without central exams work on the same labor …