children on higher order skills. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the parents of lower achieving students …The time children spend with their parents affects their development. Parenting programs can help parents use that time … parents of higher achieving students, weekday texts are more effective because weekdays are more challenging, but not so …

leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in permanent income, parental education levels, and shocks to income at this age … effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included …. Moreover, decomposing the income when the child is 16 between a permanent component and shocks to income at age 16 only the …

leaving (at age 16) may be due to variations in permanent income, parental education levels, and shocks to income at this age … effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included …. Moreover, decomposing the income when the child is 16 between a permanent component and shocks to income at age 16, only the …

We investigate the relationship between early school-leaving and parental education and paternal income using UK Labour … Force Survey data. OLS estimation reveals modest effects of income, stronger effects of maternal education relative to … income, we find no effect of maternal education. Under certain assumptions, paternal education remains significant (for …

between the causal effects of parental income and parental education levels. Least squares estimation reveals conventional … results – weak effects of income (when the child is 16), stronger effects of maternal education than paternal, and stronger … effects on sons than daughters. We find that the education effects remain significant even when household income is included …