We study how the financial conditions in the Center Economies [the U.S., Japan, and the Euro area] impact other … euro) makes the response of a financial variable such as the REER and exchange market pressure in the PHs more sensitive to … a change in key variables in the U.S. (or the euro area) such as policy interest rates and the REER. While having more …

interest rate in response to inflation and either the output or the unemployment gap, for the euro/dollar exchange rate with …

Financial Crisis (GFC). Applying the annual data of 58 countries, we confirm that countries that trade more with the US, euro … zone, UK, and Japan, and issue more debt denominated in the big four currencies (US dollar, euro, pound, yen) hoard more IR … economic factors. We also find that TARGET2 balances matter for the currency composition in the euro zone; commodity …

All of the attempts to end the euro crisis and to return the Eurozone countries to healthy growth rates of income and …

The possibility that the euro area might break up was being raised even before the single currency existed. These … scenarios were then lent new life five or six years on, when appreciation of the euro and problems of slow growth in various … unlikely, I argue here, that one or more members of the euro area will leave in the next ten years; total disintegration of the …

-factor model. We identify them as a dollar factor and a euro factor. Exchange rates are thus driven by global, US, and Euro …