the estimation results, two currencies, the Swiss franc and (to a lesser extent) the US dollar qualify as safe haven … currencies, and the euro serves as a hedge currency. Results for the yen support its role as a carry funding vehicle, but not … analysis of bilateral euro-based exchange rates, given the euro's prominent role during the euro area sovereign debt crisis. …

This paper studies the reaction of the mean and volatility of the euro-dollar exchange rate to statements of ECB … officials during the first years of EMU. We focus on statements on monetary policy and the (potential) strength of the euro. We …. In some cases there are effects of statements on the level of the euro-dollar rate. Efforts to talk up the euro have not …