estimation is based on a commonly used economic approach, but with a wider and more up-to-date coverage of data and a more … misalignment exists in the trilateral rates between the RMB, US$ and euro. The finding refutes the claim that RMB appreciation is …

in which such banks cut dollar lending more than euro lending in response to a shock to their credit quality. Because … these banks rely on wholesale dollar funding, while raising more of their euro funding through insured retail deposits, the … dollar funding, there were significant violations of euro-dollar CIP. Moreover, dollar lending by Eurozone banks fell …