This paper considers the problem of identification, estimation and inference in the case of spatial panel data models … errors. A quasi maximum likelihood (QML) estimation procedure is developed and the conditions for identification of spatial …

The conflicting standpoints on reforming the euro are creating more controversies than practical results. Mistrust …, reforming the euro successfully calls for a convincing high-level commitment to preserve the euro also in unexpected …

In this paper, sound public finances under the euro means sustainability in the long term instead of short- and medium …-term fiscal discipline. The challenges to sustainability are identified for the four largest euro area member states, and several … resort for a euro area government under liquidity shortage to prevent it from developing into a general financial crisis …