the estimation results, two currencies, the Swiss franc and (to a lesser extent) the US dollar qualify as safe haven … currencies, and the euro serves as a hedge currency. Results for the yen support its role as a carry funding vehicle, but not … analysis of bilateral euro-based exchange rates, given the euro's prominent role during the euro area sovereign debt crisis …

economic booms in some peripheral Euro-zone countries financed by large capital inflows; the credit and asset price booms and … Latin American audiences. For those Euro-zone countries that built up large Euro-denominated external liabilities, Latin …

estimation is based on a commonly used economic approach, but with a wider and more up-to-date coverage of data and a more … misalignment exists in the trilateral rates between the RMB, US$ and euro. The finding refutes the claim that RMB appreciation is …