In this paper, first, the MIMIC estimation method is described and criticized and due to a double counting problem a … four micro estimation methods with the MIMIC and the corrected MIMIC method are presented. One major result is that the …

We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a …' cash holdings, the volume of transactions and the size of the shadow economy irrespective of country size for all euro area …

We analyze the net issues of the national euro area central banks in relation to the dynamics of the shadow economy … within a panel cointegration framework. Besides the total net issues, we distinguish between large, medium and small euro … euro area countries. The use of large and small denominations is obviously not driven by the shadow economy. For comparison …